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	NATURE AND CAUSES OF MALE INFERTILITY
	Definitions
	Incidence and Distribution
	Etiology and Classification of Male Infertility
	CLINICAL EVALUATION
	History
	Physical Examination
	SEMEN ANALYSIS AND OTHER INVESTIGATIONS
	Semen Analysis
	Hormone Assessment
	Genetic Studies
	Testicular Biopsy
	Other Investigations
	MANAGEMENT OF SPECIFIC CONDITIONS
	Sperm Autoimmunity
	Genital Tract Obstruction
	Gonadotropin deficiency and suppression
	Coital Disorders
	Effects of Systemic Illness and Reversible Exposures to Toxins or Drugs
	Genital Tract Inflammation
	Varicocele
	GENERAL MANAGEMENT
	Prognosis for natural pregnancy
	Psychological Aspects
	Timing of Coitus
	General Health Aspects
	Empirical Treatments: Evidence based versus unconfirmed treatments
	IVF/ICSI FOR MALE INFERTILITY
	Preparation of the patients
	Approaches
	Sperm Preparation
	Results
	Evaluation of Failed Fertilization
	Complications of IVF/ICSI
	USE OF DONOR SPERM
	Cryopreservation of Semen
	Selection of Donors
	Counselling
	Procedures and Results
	PREVENTION OF INFERTILITY
	Preventable Diseases and Conditions
	Semen Cryopreservation before Loss of Fertility